English Skills with Readings 7e 25 39

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.However, if you are not sure that certain words are interrupters, remove them from thesentence.If it still makes sense without the words, you know that the words areinterrupters and the information they give is nonessential.Such nonessential informationis set off with commas.In the sentenceDody Thompson, who lives next door, won the javelin-throwing competition.the words who lives next door are extra information, not needed to identify the subject ofthe sentence, Dody Thompson.Put commas around such nonessential information.On theother hand, in the sentenceThe woman who lives next door won the javelin-throwing competition.the words who lives next door supply essential information information needed for us toidentify the woman being spoken of.If the words were removed from the sentence, wewould no longer know who won the competition.Commas are not used around suchessential information.Here is another example:Wilson Hall, which the tornado destroyed, was ninety years old.Here the words which the tornado destroyed are extra information, not needed to identifythe subject of the sentence, Wilson Hall.Commas go around such nonessentialinformation.On the other hand, in the sentenceThe building that the tornado destroyed was ninety years old.the words that the tornado destroyed are needed to identify the building.Commas are notused around such essential information.As noted above, however, most of the time you will be able to hear wordsthat interrupt the flow of thought in a sentence and will not have to think aboutwhether the words are essential or nonessential.535Copyright � 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.All rights reserved.Use commas to set off interrupting words.1 On Friday my day off I went to get a haircut.2 Dracula who had a way with women is Tony s favorite movie hero.He feels that the Wolfman onthe other hand showed no class in wooing women.3 Many people forget that Franklin Roosevelt one of our most effective presidents was disabled.4 Mowing the grass especially when it is six inches high is my least favorite job.5 A jar of chicken noodle soup which was all there was in the refrigerator did not make a verysatisfying meal.4 Comma between Complete ThoughtsUse a comma between two complete thoughts connected by and, but, for, or, nor, so, yet.The wedding was scheduled for four o clock, but the bride changed her mindat two.We could always tell when our instructor felt disorganized, for his shirtwould not be tucked in.Rich has to work on Monday nights, so he always remembers to record theTV football game.a.The comma is optional when the complete thoughts are short.Grace has a headache andMark has a fever.Her soda was watery but she drank it anyway.The day was overcast so they didn t goswimming.b.Be careful not to use a comma in sentences having one subject and a double verb.Thecomma is used only in sentences made up of two complete thoughts (two subjects and two verbs).In thefollowing sentence, there is only one subject (Kevin) with a double verb (will go and forget).Therefore,no comma is needed:Kevin will go partying tonight and forget all about tomorrow s exam.Likewise, the following sentence has only one subject (Rita) and a double verb (was and will work);therefore, no comma is needed:Rita was a waitress at the Red Lobster last summer and probably will work there thissummer.In the following sentences, place a comma before each joining word that connects two complete thoughts(two subject-verb combinations).Do not place a comma within the sentences that have only one subjectand a double verb; label these as correct.1 The oranges in the refrigerator were covered with blue mold and the potatoes in the cupboard feltlike sponges.2 All the pants in the shop were on sale but not a single pair was my size.3 Martha often window-shops in the malls for hours and comes home without buying anything.4 Tony left the dentist s office with his mouth still numb from Novocain and he talked with a lispfor two hours.5 The whole family searched the yard inch by inch but never found Mom smissing wedding ring.6 The car squealed down the entrance ramp and sped recklessly out onto thefreeway.7 No one volunteered to read his or her paper out loud so the instructor called on Amber.8 The aliens in the science fiction film visited our planet in peace but wegreeted them with violence.9 I felt like shouting at the gang of boys but didn t dare open my mouth.10 Lenny claims that he wants to succeed in college but he has missed classes all semester.5 Comma with Direct QuotationsUse a comma to set off a direct quotation from the rest of a sentence.His father shouted, Why don t yougo out and get a job? Our modern world has lost a sense of the sacredness of life, the speaker said. No, said Celia to Jerry. I won t write your paper for you. Can anyone remember, wroteEmerson, when the times were not hard and money not scarce?TIP Commas and periods at the end of a quotation go inside quotation marks.See also page 524.537Copyright � 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.All rights reserved.Use commas to set off quotations from the rest of the sentence.1 Hassan came to the door and called out Welcome to my home!2 My partner on the dance floor said Don t be so stiff.You look as if you swallowed an umbrella.3 The question on the anatomy test read What human organ grows faster than any other, neverstops growing, and always remains the same size?4 The student behind me whispered The skin.5 My stomach hurts Bruce said and I don t know whether it was the hamburger or the mathtest.6 Comma with Everyday MaterialUse a comma with certain everyday material [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]

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