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.37.19.Lucas to Parker, January 27, 1913, John R.Lucas Papers, MSS, Box 7, MontanaHistorical Society.20.Turner to Wilson, August 1, 1896, Bailey Willis Collection, MSS, Box 1,Huntington Library.21.Turner to Wilson, August 8, 1896, Robert Chester Turner Collection, MSS,Box 2, Huntington Library.22.Burchan to Paymal, September 13, 1918, Yellow Aster Mining and MillingCompany Papers, MSS, Box 1, Huntington Library.Notes to pages 88 96 / 20523.Rossberg to Gillie, March 15, 1920, Anaconda Copper Mining CompanyRecords, MSS, Box 63, Montana Historical Society.Folder 63-13 contains extensivereports and correspondence on the working of tailings.24.Templeton to Ford, February 6, 1920, Montana Attorney-General SubjectFiles, MSS, Box 96, Montana Historical Society.25.Templeton to Dr.W.J.Butler, August 6, 1920, ibid.26.Nicholas A.Casner, Toxic River: Politics and Coeur D Alene MiningPollution in the 1930 s, Idaho Yesterdays 35 (Fall 1991): 2 19.27.Humboldt Standard, June 15, 1939, clipping in Mines and Mineral ResourcesClippings File, Humboldt County Collection, Library Special Collections,Humboldt State University.28.Water Quality Study of Clark Fork River (1970), Montana Attorney-General sOffice Records, MSS, Box 10, Montana Historical Society, p.1.29.In addition to tailings, smelters dumped slag, a solid product of moltenmetal extraction, into watercourses.In Arizona, molten slag dropped into a run-ning stream of water.granulated and [was] carried away to the river, whereit obtained free river transportation to the Gulf of California.This method wasfollowed for thirty years, reducing operating expenses very materially (JamesColquhoun, The History of the Clifton-Morenci Mining District [London: JohnMurray, 1924], p.39).So too, the Boston and Montana Smelter in Great Falls,Montana, dumped slag directly into the Missouri River.See Gordon Morris Bakkenand J.Elwood Bakken, The Goldfish Died: Great Falls, Fort Benton, and the GreatFlood of 1908, Montana: The Magazine of Western History 51 (Winter 2001): 38 51.30.Diamond, Collapse, pp.461 62.Chapter 101.Powell Greenland, Hydraulic Mining in California: A Tarnished Legacy(Spokane: Arthur H.Clark Company, 2001), p.34.2.Samuel Spooner to Walter R.Spooner, June 4, 1850, Walter R.SpoonerLetters, MSS, HM56919, Huntington Library.3.Downey to Erastus Burr, January 14, 1857, HM56917, ibid.4.Mark Fiester, Blasted Beloved Breckenridge (Boulder: Pruett Publishing, 1973),pp.30 31.5.S.Goodale Price, Ghosts of Golconda (Deadwood, S.Dak.: WesternPublishers, Inc., 1952), p.23.6.Charles A.Averill, Mineral Resources of Humboldt County (Sacramento:Department of Natural Resources, Division of Mines, 1942), p.513.7.Greenland, Hydraulic Mining in California, p.102.206 / Notes to pages 96 998.Ibid., p.136.9.Louis Janin, Mining Debris Case, July 16 22, 1878, Notebook, July 16, 1878,entry, Louis Janin Collection, MSS, Item #31, Box 3, Huntington Library.10.Ibid., July 19, 1878, entry.11.Ibid., July 21, 1878, entry.12.Greenland, Hydraulic Mining in California, p.222.The best book on thesubject is Robert Kelley, Gold vs.Grain, the Hydraulic Mining Controversy inCalifornia s Sacramento Valley (Glendale, Calif.: Arthur H.Clark Co., 1959).13.Cox to Morgan, December 19, 1881, William Rollin Morgan Collection, MSS,Box 2, Huntington Library.14.Cox to Morgan, September 9, 1885, ibid.15.Cox to Morgan, August 7, 1886, ibid.16.Fred C.Turner to R.C.Turner, September 20, 1904, Robert Chester TurnerCollection, MSS, Box 2, Huntington Library.17.Turner to Mallen, September 20, 1917, Box 1, ibid.Mallen wrote to Turner onOctober 24, 26, and 29, 1917, detailing the progress.18.Turner to Mallen, November 15, 1917, ibid.19.Chapman to Morgan, June 5, 1886, William R.Morgan Collection, MSS, Box1, Huntington Library.20.Ibid.21.Julian Dana, The Sacramento: River of Gold (New York: Rinehart and Co.,1939), p.175.22.Chapman to Morgan, March 19, 1887, Morgan Collection, Box 1, HuntingtonLibrary.23.Chapman to Morgan, June 4, 1887, ibid.24.Cox to William R.Morgan, January 8, 1888, ibid.25.Cox to Morgan, March 2, 1890, ibid.26.Cox to Morgan, February 22, 1891, ibid.27.Donahue to Morgan, December 27, 1890, ibid.28.Donahue to Morgan, March 23, 1895, ibid.29.Cox to Morgan, February 22, 1894, ibid.30.Donahue to Morgan, April 23, 1896, ibid.31.Turner to Seeley W.Mudd, May 30, 1912, Robert Chester Turner Collection,MSS, Box 1, Huntington Library.Notes to pages 99 104 / 20732.Turner to Countiss, September 17, 1917, ibid.33.Turner to Mallen, September 8, 1917, ibid.34.Ibid.35.Turner to Mallen, November 15, 1917, ibid.36.David Stiller, Wounding the West: Montana, Mining, and the Environment(Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2000), pp.74 80.37.Jared Diamond, Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed (New York:Viking Penguin, Inc., 2005), p.36.38.A.Scheidel, The Cyanide Process and Its Practical Application and EconomicResults (Sacramento: California State Mining Bureau, 1894), pp.45 46.39.Ibid., p.10.40.Emil W.Billeb, Mining Camp Days (Berkeley: Nowell-North Books, 1968), p.79.41.Turner to Fred Chester, June 4, 1897, Robert Chester Turner Collection, MSS,Box 2, Vol.1 Private Correspondence Letterbook, Huntington Library.42.Augustus Reeves s Reminiscences, 1888 1942, A Giant s Dreams, MSS, UtahState Historical Society, pp.8 9.43.Otis E.Young Jr., Western Mining (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press,1970), p.285.44.Robert L.Spude, Elusive Gold: George P.Harrington and the BradshawMiners, 1887 1925, Journal of the West 33 (Summer 1992): 162.45.William Sampson to Edna Dahl Sampson, September 6, 1903, WilliamSampson Collection, MSS, Box 2, Huntington Library.46.William Sampson to Edna Sampson, October 25, 1903, ibid.47.William Sampson to Edna Sampson, February 4, 1904, Box 3, ibid.48.William Sampson to Edna Sampson, February 16, 1904, ibid.49.William Sampson to Edna Sampson, April 3, 1904, ibid.50.William Sampson to Edna Sampson, April 21, 1904, ibid.51.Turner to Fred Chester, June 4, 1897, Robert Chester Turner Collection, Box2, Vol.1 Private Correspondence Letterbook, Huntington Library.52.Shotwell to Worthington, August 12, 1933, Little Ben Mining CompanyRecords, MSS, Box 1, Montana Historical Society.53.W.to Worthington, August 16, 1933, ibid.54.Worthington to Commissioner of Indian Affairs, Washington, D.C., August15, 1933, ibid.208 / Notes to pages 104 1155.Hale and Last Chance leases, Joseph A.McDonough Records, MSS, Box 1,Montana Historical Society, p.2.56.William Z.Walker Diary, 1849, MSS, Harold B.Lee Library, Brigham YoungUniversity, pp.151 52.57.Young, Western Mining, pp.118 21.58.Mineral Resources Analysis Project Staff, California Division of Mines andGeology, The Mineral Industry of California in 1990, California Geology 44(October 1991): 221.Chapter 111
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