BULLOUGH, Donald A. Alcuin. Achievment and Reputation

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.60 81, at p.69.For the variantforms of (co)adorandum etc., see ibid.p.73, and more fully Capelle, L origine anti-adoptianiste de notre texte du Symbole de la messe [1929], Travaux Liturgiques, 3,pp.47 59, at p.56.The version of the so-called Nicene creed adopted liturgi-cally after the deiectio Felicis heretici (?799, not 798; the council in the latter year wasat Rome and not, pace Capelle, at Aachen), i.e.Paulinus of Aquileia, and used untilthe twentieth century has here the previously undocumented simul adoratur et conglorificatur;and, before this, qui ex patre filioque procedit.309Cf.Wallach, p.153.For the relevant passages, see J.de J.P�rez, La Cristologiaen los Simbolos Toledanos IV, VI y XI (Rome, 1939), pp.22, 47; also Madoz, Symboledu XIe Symbole, pp.91 4.Minor patre is not Pauline.310De Trin.1, 7 (ed.Mountain, pp.44 6), esp.lines 6 8, ut mediator Dei et hominumesset homo Christus Iesus (I Tm 2.5), ita dicuntur ut maiorem filio patrem significent., lines22 3 and lines 36 7, in forma enim servi quam accepit minor est patre; in forma autem Deiin qua erat etiam antequam hanc accepisset aequalis est patri.The precise wording in formaDei.minor patre recurs in Alcuin s De fide sanctae Trinitatis, III.vii (PL 101, col.42), in a context in which there are other borrowings (re-ordered) from De Trin.I, 7.bullough/f5/331-431 8/27/03 9:19 AM Page 429between two courts 429fessed orally by the synod in one of its concluding sessions? Theonly evidence pointing that way is the distinctive heading of the copyentered in the early-ninth century on previously blank leaves at thebeginning of the Court-connected canon-law book (Einsiedeln, Stiftsbibl.191, fols Iv IIv): Expositio catholicae fidei a sanctis patribus et venerabilibussanctae Dei ecclesiae pastoribus.concordi professione et pacifica omnium una-nimitate perscripta, quatenus huius sanctissimi symboli signum memoriale per-maneret in Domino.311 But the copy extends to the letter s concludingparagraph, Haec est fides catholica et ideo nostra.heredes pariter perficiatin eternum; and although it includes at least one reading that is clearlythe correct one, i.e.Maria virgine incarnatam (against the printed crea-tam), there are no good reasons for supposing that it belongs to atradition independent of what I have called the Court Adoptionist-dossier in the Baturich of Regensburg book, Munich clm.14468(fols 30v 88), and the Hincmar of Rheims book, Rheims, Bib.munc.385 (fols 61 95).The possibility that the Einsiedeln extract may fora time have been more widely available is suggested by the incom-plete copy (defective at the beginning; not used for the edition) pre-ceding a sermon-collection in an early-ninth-century Freising cathedralbook (clm.28135).312 These texts apart, there is nothing suggestingthat Alcuin s Frankfurt Expositio fidei had any subsequent impact any-where.(The Rheims text is incomplete and without marginal anno-tation.) Professsor Wallach s claim that it was the symbolum used inthe liturgy of the mass at Aachen until 798 can be discounted.Itis manifestly not a liturgical creed; and Wallach seems to have beenmisled by references in two of Alcuin s letters and in his anti-Adoptionist treatises to the profession of belief ut in symbolo [catholico]decantare solemus.The latter is, as the quotations show, the Niceno-Constantinopolitan creed, which for several centuries past had beenrecited in the pre-Easter baptismal ceremonies (acolytus.dicit sym-bolum decantando.is the rubric in the Vatican Gelasian ) and, onone interpretation of the Stowe Missal , was already sung in themass in Ireland when Alcuin was young.313311MGH Conc.II/i, p.163 app.; for the manuscript, see CLA VII no.874 andBischoff, Katalog, 1, no.1116.312Compare W.Hartmann, Das Konzil von Frankfurt 794.Nachwirkung undNachleben , Frankfurter Konzil, ed.Berndt, 1, pp.331 355, esp.pp.340 1.313Wallach, Alcuin and Charlemagne, p.154; ep.ad Beatum, ed.Levison, p.320; ep.no.23 (p.61); Adv.Felicem I.9 (PL 101, cols 134D 135A, where the correct manu-script reading is homo NATUS est), etc. Vatican Gelasian : I.xxxv, ed.Wilson, p.55,ed.Mohlberg, no.317.bullough/f5/331-431 8/27/03 9:19 AM Page 430430 chapter threeThe final chapter of the council s acta, one of several that reflectsthe king s personal intervention,314 singles out Alcuin in a way thatseems entirely without parallel. [The lord king] recommended alsothat the holy synod should think it fitting to receive Alcuin into itsfellowship and/or prayers, since he was a man learned in the teach-ings of the Church.The whole synod agreed, in accordance withthe lord king s suggestion, and received him into their fellowship andprayers.315 Consortium is unfortunately an ambiguous term.The phraseit introduces here may simply mean that Alcuin, a foreign-born dea-con, was to be admitted to the prayer-fellowships of Frankish cathe-dral-churches and monasteries.But the occasional examples of consortiumepiscoporum and similar group or community usages in Carolingiantexts may indicate an intention on the king s part that at future syn-ods Alcuin should sit with the episcopal doctores et ductores.316 Alcuin sown passing references to the synod and its decisions, however, saynothing about the honour accorded him (if it was), and he made noidentifiable attempt to exploit it: even when he wrote a circular let-ter to the bishops in Britain in 796, the title he gave himself washumilis levita.sanctae Eboracensis [a]ecclesiae filius.317 At the one synodhe did attend, at Aachen in 799, he was the principal protagonistin a debate with the arch-heretic Felix.Alcuin would certainly have welcomed the royal recommendationthat the synod should pray for him.His letters regularly end with314Mordek, Aachen, Frankfurt, Reims , pp.128, 134 5.Mordek s suggestion(ibid.pp.132 4) that Alcuin may have been involved in the formulation of the actaas such is surely to be rejected: except where they are referring back to chaptersin the 789 Admonitio generalis, they conspicuously lack the stylistic tricks that demon-strate Alcuin s involvement in that capitulary.An obvious alternative candidate isHildebald, bishop of Cologne and latterly also principal chaplain, the subject of theprevious chapter, where it is decreed that he will, with Papal approval, reside atthe court propter utilitates ecclesiasticas.315Commonuit etiam [domnus rex] ut Aliquinum ipsa sancta synodus in suo consortio sive inorationibus recipere dignaretur, eo quod esset vir in ecclesiasticis doctrinis eruditus [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]

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